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肠梗阻4个典型症状焦点资讯

來源： ? 2023-02-11 15:07:09

腸梗阻指各種原因引起的腸道內容物不能正常運行、順利通過腸道到達體外，是外科的常見疾病。下面是小編給大家整理的腸梗阻的4個典型症狀，希望大家喜歡!

腸梗阻的4個典型症狀

由于腸梗阻的類型、原因、病理性質、梗阻部位和程度各不相同，故臨床表現存在差異性。但由于腸道內容物無法通過腸腔，往往有共同存在的四個臨床表現，包括腹痛、嘔吐、腹脹及停止排便排氣：

(相關資料圖)

1、腹痛：單純性機械性腸梗阻由于梗阻部位以上腸管劇烈蠕動，表現爲陣發性腹部絞痛。疼痛發作時，患者自覺腹內有氣體竄動，並受阻于某一部位;絞窄性腸梗阻者表現爲腹痛間歇期不斷縮短，呈持續性劇烈腹痛;麻痹性腸梗阻者爲持續性全腹脹痛;腸扭轉引起閉袢性腸梗阻者，多表現爲突發腹部持續性絞痛並陣發性加劇;而腸蛔蟲堵塞多爲不完全性腸梗阻，以陣發性臍周腹痛爲主;

2、嘔吐：與腸梗阻發生的部位、類型有關。高位腸梗阻嘔吐發生較早且頻繁，嘔吐物主要是胃部和十二指腸的內容物等;低位腸梗阻嘔吐出現較晚，嘔吐物初期爲胃內容物，後期可呈糞樣;而蛔蟲團引起的腸梗阻，患者會吐出蛔蟲;麻痹性腸梗阻時嘔吐呈溢出性;絞窄性腸梗阻嘔吐物爲血性或棕褐色液體;

3、腹脹：程度與梗阻部位有關。高位腸梗阻由于嘔吐頻繁，腹脹較輕;低位腸梗阻腹脹明顯;閉袢性腸梗阻和腸扭轉患者的腹脹不對稱發作;麻痹性腸梗阻則表現爲均勻性全腹脹;

4、停止排便排氣：腸梗阻多數不再排便排氣，特別是完全性腸梗阻;也存在一些特殊情況，比如在高位腸梗阻早期，由于梗阻以下腸腔內仍殘存糞便及氣體，可在灌腸後或自行排出，故不應因此而排除腸梗阻;不完全性腸梗阻可有多次少量的排便排氣;絞窄性腸梗阻可排血性黏液樣便。

有腸梗阻要怎麽治療

腸梗阻是因爲各種原因導致腸腔內容物無法順暢通過，從而出現腹痛腹脹、惡心嘔吐、肛門停止排便排氣的一組臨床症狀。1、黏連性腸梗阻，尤其是腹部手術以後容易發生，一般無需手術治療，主要采用禁食、胃腸減壓、靜脈輸入抗生素治療。如果是反複發作的患者需行黏連松解手術治療;2、如果是結腸腫瘤或者息肉所引起的機械性腸梗阻，通常需要手術治療。行腸管部分切除甚至腸癌根治切除，部分患者需要做造瘘;3、絞榨性腸梗阻，通常伴有腸系膜血管栓塞。需要及時的手術治療，否則腸管絞榨壞死會導致中毒性休克，嚴重會導致病人死亡。

爲什麽會腸梗阻

出現腸梗阻，可能與腸粘連、腸內長有良性腫瘤、腸道炎症性病變等因素有關。

1.腸粘連：可能與腹部急性創傷、腸道手術操作不當等因素有關，對腸道部位細胞組織産生刺激，引起腸粘連。長時間發作後可能會出現腸道不通，引起腸梗阻。建議通過腸粘連松解術等方法治療。

2.腸內長有良性腫瘤：若腸道受革蘭陽性杆菌等微生物刺激，可能會有腸道細胞良性增生，導致腸內良性腫瘤，容易出現腸道不通暢，引起腸梗阻。可以通過腸道良性腫瘤切除術等方法治療。

3.腸道炎症性病變：若不小心食用腐爛變質食物，腸道細胞易受腐爛變質食物中病菌刺激，造成腸道細胞損傷，引起腸道炎症性病變，對于腸道正常蠕動和糞便排出功能産生影響，引起腸梗阻。遵醫囑使用阿奇黴素腸溶片、頭孢呋辛酯片等抗菌類藥物治療。

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肠梗阻4个典型症状 焦点资讯

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肠梗阻4个典型症状焦点资讯